Stoichiometric Calculations:
95g Vegetable Shortening (Crisco) x 0.136g NaOH/g Oil = 12.92g NaOH required

Conclusion:
After conducting the experiment for the first time, the result was a failure. After repeating the experimental process with new calculations for the amount of lye and water (amount shown in graph to the right), the second trial yielded soap.

Lab Apparatus:
-59.2 grams vegetable shortening
-15 grams of lye (NaOH Tablets)
-22 grams distilled water (chilled)
- 1 drop blue food coloring
- 1 drop of Gathering essential oil
-beakers
-hot plate
-balance
-tongs
-thermometer 

1. 1. Measure 14.8 grams of vegetable shortening. Heat shortening in a pan of water. Check the temperature of your shortening – it should be about 120° or so. Your lye should have come down by then to about 120°. Wait for both to cool somewhere between 95° and 105°. It’ll come together quickly, but be coarse and crumbly
   2. When both the lye and shortening are at the right temperature, pour the shortening into a mixing bowl. Slowly add the lye, stirring until it’s all mixed. Stir by hand for a full 5 minutes. It’s very important to get as much of the lye in contact with as much of the soap as possible. After about 5 minutes, you can keep stirring. The soap mixture will lighten in color and become thick. When it start the saponification process. Saponification is the process of the base ingredients becoming soap
2. Let it sit for 24 hours if its still warm or soft let it sit for longer. once its cold and firm, turn it out onto a piece of paper towel. if using a loaf pan as your mold, cut into bars at this point  
3. When your soap is fully cured, wrap it in wax paper or keep it in an airtight container. Handmade soap creates its own glycerin, which is a humectant, pulling moisture from the air. It should be wrapped to keep it from attracting dust and debris with the moisture.